Researchers Uncover Key Protein in Appetite Control Mechanism
A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Birmingham has unveiled a previously overlooked protein that plays a critical role in regulating appetite and energy use within the body. Published on December 16, 2025, in the journal Science Signaling, the research highlights how this protein, known as MRAP2, interacts with another protein called MC3R to manage energy balance.
The study reveals that MRAP2 is essential for the proper functioning of MC3R, a protein that influences whether the body utilizes energy or stores it. When MRAP2 does not operate effectively, the signals that regulate appetite can become weakened, potentially contributing to obesity.
Investigating Protein Interactions
Building on earlier research which established MRAP2’s crucial role in the activity of a related protein, MC4R, the team sought to determine whether MRAP2 similarly supports MC3R. Utilizing cell models, the researchers observed how these proteins interact. Their findings indicated that when MRAP2 was present in equal amounts with MC3R, cellular signaling intensified. This suggests that MRAP2 enhances the ability of MC3R to manage the balance between energy intake and expenditure.
Moreover, the researchers pinpointed specific regions within MRAP2 that are necessary for facilitating signaling through both MC3R and MC4R. This discovery underscores the intricate relationships between these proteins in appetite regulation.
Genetic Mutations and Their Impact
The research team also examined the implications of genetic mutations in MRAP2, particularly those found in individuals with obesity. They discovered that mutated versions of MRAP2 were ineffective at enhancing MC3R signaling. Consequently, appetite regulation was compromised, indicating that alterations in MRAP2 can disrupt the hormonal systems that maintain energy balance.
Dr. Caroline Gorvin, Associate Professor at the University of Birmingham and lead author of the study, commented on the significance of these findings: “The results provide vital insights into the hormonal system related to energy balance, appetite, and puberty timing.” She emphasized that identifying MRAP2 as a key supporter of appetite-regulating proteins offers new avenues for understanding genetic predispositions to obesity.
The researchers are optimistic that their findings may pave the way for future treatments targeting MRAP2. Such interventions could potentially enhance feelings of fullness, curb overeating, and improve overall energy balance, especially for individuals struggling with weight management through dieting alone.
This collaborative research effort involved the Department of Metabolism and Systems Science and the Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE). COMPARE is a cross-University research center that includes the Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, dedicated to understanding cellular communication in health and disease. The center aims to develop innovative therapies for widespread conditions, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer.
The study represents a significant advancement in our understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying appetite regulation and could lead to novel strategies for addressing obesity in the future.
